How DNA Evidence Impacts Criminal Investigations and Trials in Pakistan

Understanding DNA Evidence in Criminal Cases in Pakistan

DNA evidence has emerged as a powerful tool in modern criminal justice systems worldwide, including Pakistan. It provides scientific accuracy in identifying individuals involved in crimes, ensuring fair and impartial investigations. In Pakistan, DNA evidence is increasingly being used to solve criminal cases, especially in instances of sexual assault, murder, and other serious crimes.

What is DNA Evidence?

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the genetic blueprint unique to every individual (except identical twins). This uniqueness makes DNA evidence highly reliable for linking individuals to crime scenes, victims, or criminal activities.

Importance of DNA Evidence in Criminal Cases

1. Identification of Suspects: DNA profiles can link or exclude individuals from crime scenes.

2. Support for Prosecution or Defense: It provides impartial evidence that can corroborate or challenge witness testimony.

3. Exonerating the Innocent: DNA can overturn wrongful convictions by proving innocence.

4. Resolving Cold Cases: Stored biological evidence from unsolved cases can be analyzed with modern DNA techniques.

Legal Framework for DNA Evidence in Pakistan

• Supreme Court Guidelines: The Supreme Court of Pakistan has emphasized the importance of DNA evidence, particularly in cases of rape and sexual assault.

• Criminal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2016: Highlights the role of DNA evidence in criminal cases, particularly in trials for heinous crimes.

• Punjab Forensic Science Agency (PFSA): One of the leading institutions in Pakistan providing DNA testing services for criminal investigations.

Challenges in Using DNA Evidence in Pakistan

1. Lack of Infrastructure: Limited forensic labs and facilities for DNA analysis.

2. Awareness and Training: Law enforcement and legal professionals need better training to collect and handle DNA evidence.

3. Contamination Risks: Mishandling of evidence can compromise the accuracy of DNA results.

4. Legal Hurdles: Delays in court proceedings and reliance on traditional evidence can overshadow the role of DNA.

Applications of DNA Evidence in Criminal Cases

1. Sexual Assault Cases: DNA evidence is critical in identifying perpetrators and ensuring justice for victims.

2. Homicides: It helps establish links between suspects, victims, and crime scenes.

3. Paternity Disputes: Used in legal cases to determine biological relationships.

4. Mass Disasters: Identifies victims in cases of large-scale accidents or natural disasters.

Conclusion

DNA evidence in criminal cases is revolutionizing the justice system in Pakistan by providing reliable, scientific proof to ensure accurate verdicts. While challenges remain in infrastructure and training, advancements in forensic science and legal frameworks are making DNA a cornerstone of modern criminal investigations. For a more just society, the integration of DNA evidence in Pakistan’s legal system must continue to evolve.